Turn-Taking System as Described in Conversation Analysis

Outline and illustrate the turn-taking system as described in Conversation Analysis Introduction to Discourse Student Number: 12022165 Academic year 2012/2013 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCITON 2 TURN-TAKING 3 STRUCTURE OF THE TURN-TAKING SYSTEM 3.1 Techniques for selecting the next speaker 4 OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CONVERSATION 4.1 Openings 4.1.1 Topic 4.2 Closings 5 CONCLUSION INTRODUCITON In conversation people seem to follow a certain rule of communication which is often perceived as effortless as breathing but not many people are aware that turn-taking system as described in conversation analysis is deeply structured, organized and has a predictable pattern. It is also one of the basic mechanisms in†¦show more content†¦To avoid unintended implicature in dispreferred responses (invitation/declination) we often add something to them. We can not respond to the invitation by saying â€Å"no† as this could be considered as inappropriate and would create implicature. That is why in the case of declining an invitation we have to add an apology, explanation or an excuse why we refused the offer. There are also examples when we have one adjacency pair embedded within another Dispreferred or complex responses can also be: †¢ Silence †¢ Pauses †¢ Preface: well, uhm, ah Example: [pic] (Levinson, 1983:308) Politicians often take on these dispreferred responses in order to avoid anwsering a question directly. Alternative responses to the first part of the adjacency pairs are: [pic] (Levinson, 1983:307) Example: Interview of Paxman vs. Howard in which Howard (leader of the oposing party) continues to avoid anwsering the questions provided by Paxman. Paxman: Did you threaten to overule him? Howard: I was not entitled to instruct Derek Lewis and I did not instruct him. Paxman: Did you threaten to overule him? Howard: The truth of the matter is that Mr. Marriot was not suspended- Paxman: Did you threaten to overule him? 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